Core Power Transmission Logic
Power originates from the main motor and enters the headstock via a pulley system. Internal gears adjust the speed to drive the spindle and rotate the workpiece; this constitutes the primary motion chain for turning, providing the necessary rotational speeds for cutting.
Simultaneously, the spindle transmits motion to the change-gear box and then to the feed box. Finally, power is transferred via the feed rod or lead screw to the apron, where it is converted into linear feed motion for the tool post, enabling precise tool positioning.
Roles of Key Components
- Feed Box: Acts as the "speed-regulation hub" for feed motion. By adjusting internal gear ratios, it allows for the selection of dozens of feed rates and thread pitches, accommodating various processes such as cylindrical turning and threading.
- Feed Rod: Handles feed transmission for standard turning operations. It offers high transmission efficiency and drives the tool post for rapid longitudinal and transverse cuts, preventing unnecessary wear on the lead screw caused by frequent use.
- Lead Screw: Designed specifically for threading, it offers extremely high transmission precision. It requires strict rotational synchronization with the spindle to ensure the tool's travel distance precisely matches the workpiece's rotation, resulting in threads with accurate pitch.
- Apron: Serves as the "execution terminal" for feed motion. It converts the rotary motion of the feed rod or lead screw into longitudinal and transverse movement of the tool post. It also allows for direction switching and rapid traverse activation, while an internal safety clutch protects components from damage during overloads.
