Bed
Serving as the lathe's foundational support structure, the bed is typically cast from iron and features high-precision guideways on its surface. It supports all other components and guides the precise movement of parts such as the carriage and tailstock, directly determining machining stability and accuracy.
Headstock
Also known as the spindle box, this unit houses the spindle and gear train. It acts as the power core that drives workpiece rotation; by adjusting transmission ratios, it delivers varying speeds and torque to meet the machining requirements of different materials.
Feed Box
Also called the gearbox, this unit contains the feed transmission mechanism. It converts the spindle's rotary motion into adjustable feed motion, precisely controlling the tool feed rate and thread pitch-making it a critical component for ensuring machining accuracy.
Apron
Acting as the control mechanism for feed motion, the apron converts rotary motion from the feed rod and lead screw into linear movement of the tool rest, enabling manual or automatic longitudinal and transverse feed operations.
Tool Rest
Composed of multiple slide components and a tool holder, this assembly secures the cutting tool. It allows for rapid tool changes across multiple stations and drives the tool to perform longitudinal, transverse, or angular cutting operations.
